• Geography

    1⁄2 Carnegie Unit

    Standard Objectives

    *** Zero block with Mrs. Bunch is available by student appointment. 

    ITG.1

    Investigate the world using spatial terms and concepts.

    1. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the tools used to analyze spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.

    2. Utilize maps and geospatial technologies (e.g., GIS, surveying maps, digital globes, GPS, etc.) to explain relationships among peoples, places, and environments.

    3. Create, compare, and interpret maps, charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of world regions.

    ITG.2

    Assess the nature, origin, evolution, and meaning of places.

    1. Determine how the physical and human characteristics of a place contribute to unique personal, community, and national identities.

    2. Analyze the ways that places change as a result of physical and human processes.

    3. Investigate how culture and experiences influence people’s perceptions of places.

    4. Analyze how technology has changed the rate and scale at which people can modify the physical environment.

    5. Compare and contrast how human activities can affect the physical environment, either positively or negatively.

    ITG.3

    Examine how regions are used to describe the organization of Earth’s surface.

    1. Analyze regions using formal, functional, and perceptual delineations to recognize the different understandings each delineation produces.

    2. Investigate processes and reasons for regional change (e.g., migration, urbanization, erosion, etc.).

    3. Analyze interactions between regions to show transnational relationships, including the flow of commodities and connectivity.

    4. Interpret the variable impact of globalization processes on the regions of the world.

    5. Examine how perceptions of places are created and changed through direct and indirect experiences (e.g., movies, music, news, etc.).

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    ITG.4

    Analyze the implications of varying demographic structures within human populations on Earth.

    1. Investigate current and historic major migration streams of the United States and the world in terms of time, distance, and cause.

    2. Explain how push and pull factors cause voluntary and involuntary migration with resulting consequences for the countries of origin and of destination.

    3. Examine the changes of human populations and how the rate of natural increase or decrease can affect a country’s ability to function economically, politically, and socially.

    ITG.5

    Evaluate the concept of culture as it relates to places on Earth.

    1. Analyze how contact between differing cultures impacts each society.

    2. Evaluate how the diffusion of ideas and technologies changes the characteristics and distribution of cultures.

    3. Explain why cultural landscapes exist and how they vary across space and time.

    ITG.6

    Examine the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface.

    1. Investigate how the ratios of primary, secondary, and tertiary differ.

    2. Analyze the changes to subsistence and commercial livelihoods over time.

    3. Illustrate how and why integrated transportation and communication networks provide essential infrastructure for economic interdependence from local to global scales.

    ITG.7

    Analyze the relationships that occur between boundaries and territorially delineated entities.

    1. Identify different types of territories and analyze how their governments manage and control Earth’s surface.

    2. Explain the role that human and physical features play in determining the boundaries of countries.

    3. Examine why international conflict occurs between boundaries.

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    ITG.8

    Explain the patterns, processes of development, and operation of human settlements.

    1. Differentiate among the types of urban land use and analyze how they are systematically arranged.

    2. Describe why and how human activities in certain locations have contributed to the development of settlements.

    3. Compare and contrast how the number and types of services (e.g., educational, economic, social, etc.) differ for settlements of various sizes.

    ITG.9

    Illustrate how human systems develop in response to physical environmental conditions.

    1. Explain how the characteristics of the physical environment can be both opportunities and constraints depending on people’s knowledge, technology, and choices.

    2. Explain the processes that produce various environmental hazards.

    3. Compare and contrast how people and nations deal with weather, climate, natural disasters, and environmental hazards (e.g., oil spills, atomic bombs, pollution, etc.).

    ITG.10

    Examine the cultural concept of natural resources and the changes in the spatial distribution, quantity, and quality of resources through time and by location.

    1. Describe how different cultures define and use resources.

    2. Compare and contrast renewable and nonrenewable resources and examine how their use has a lasting impact.

    3. Investigate how common resources of the contemporary world are extracted, refined, and transported.
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